[23], Despite heavy opposition, Task Force Rakkasan managed to secure its blocking positions to the north by the middle of the morning. The U.S. forces had not created mutual trust in order to build a cohesive team with this Pashtun militia. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan: A Case Study of Adaption in, Battle. [16], SOF teams from Task Force K-Bar and Task Force 64, which included: Navy SEALs from SEAL Teams 2, 3 and 8, Green Berets from 3rd SFG, The Canadian Army's Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), The German Army's Kommando Spezialkrfte (KSK), the Norwegian special forces units Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK) and Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK), elements of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment and the New Zealand Special Air Service and the Danish special forces from Jgerkorpset. The U.S. forces estimated they had killed at least 500 fighters over the duration of the battle, however journalists later noted that only 23 bodies were found and critics suggested that after a couple days, the operation "was more driven by media obsession, than military necessity". [22], The troops of the 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment in the southern landing zones (LZs) faced the heaviest fighting. The military objective was achieved but with a higher loss of life than what was anticipated or warranted. Operation Anaconda was a necessary evil. Using a McMillan TAC-50 .50-calibre rifle, Furlong killed a Taliban fighter armed with an RPK machine gun at a confirmed distance of 2,430 metres (1.51 miles). American Forces mistakenly landed in the middle of the valley, instead of the outside and were immediately caught in the Taliban's kill zone. Operation Anaconda was a complex battle that took place in the Shahikot Valley of Afghanistan between the U.S. Army and terrorists. At this point it became clear that Al Qaeda fighters had been expecting an attack. The AC-130 was then directed to attack the large groupings of enemy combatants currently exposed on top of the mountain, one to three minutes before the Mako 30 was scheduled to arrive. As TF Hammer continued, it suffered from a lack of unit cohesion because of the transportation difficulties. The AQ then opened up with a DShK as the troops on the ground ran for the only cover on the valley floor in what became known as "Hell's Halfpipe." At the end of Operation Anaconda, the US and Afghan forces had succeeded at removing the majority of the Al-Qaeda and Taliban presence from the Shahi-Kot Valley. In the planning phase of the operation, the commander of Delta Force, LTC Pete Blaber ruled out any helicopter infiltration of AFOs into the area as not to alert the terrorists in the valley; in addition to AFOs conducting reconnaissance of routes into and around the valley on modified Polaris ATVs (often in adverse weather conditions on difficult terrain), two teams (codenamed India and Juliet) with 3 and 5 operators (respectively) of highly experienced Delta operators from their squadrons Reconnaissance and Surveillance Troop climbed high into the mountains and gorges of the Shahikot, often in extreme weather conditions, to conduct environmental reconnaissance. All work is written to order. Leaders cannot stress enough the significance of fabricating a command structure for combat operations. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. Instead of 150-200 fighters in the valley as expected, post assessment held that the area contained 750 to 1,000 terrorists dug in on the high ground around the valley. The TF 11 operators added their firepower. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. As they approached, the pilots and SEALs observed tracks in the snow and other signs of recent human activity. Executive Director Global Commercial Operations Amgen. Also, unfortunately, the pilot of the Razor 01 was not told about the enemy's anti-aircraft location on top of the mountain. Operation Anaconda has given a substantial vision for the military commanders and the team members. For example, an idea forms in the mind and is stressed into action by the ambition of the human will and becomes motivated to assert its will over the will of another. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. This article examines some medical issues that were experienced by the Raider Rakkasans of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division during Operation Anaconda in . The mission order briefs the why, who, what, where, when of the mission, but not necessarily how. It is clear and direct but not to the point of impeding the decision of subordinates in battle, but not vague to where it results in confusion and indecisiveness. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed analysis of the six principles of Mission Command and how they apply to Operation Anaconda. Each principal had an individual failure that created an enormous challenge to overcome in order to accomplish the mission. Just login to the Online Policy Manager to start. War cannot exist without the mind and will of man. The Northern Alliance proved to be battle-hardened allies that could be counted on to fulfill critical tasks of the mission command warfighting function. Stephen Biddle has characterized Operation Anaconda as a "series of surprisingly orthodox ground battles. . At that moment, Slabinski decided to change the primary mission to a rescue mission after Petty Officer Roberts. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your stance on the topic. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. And with that necessary evil comes a necessarily great mission commander. Bahmanyar, Mir. The original plan did not survive first contact with the enemy, but coalition force's ability to adapt under fire was able to secure victory. Major Bryan Hilferty states that the "major battle ended three or four days ago." Once dismissed as representative of narrative closure and bourgeois ideology, realism has made a remarkable comeback in recent years as a predominant trend in world cinema and television productions, as well as a topical line of enquiry in audiovisual theory. TF Panther deployed to Afghanistan in late June 2002 and would serve under CTF 82 until 5 December 2002. Canadian and U.S. sniper teams and Afghan forces begin to sweep the Shahi-Kot valley area to root out rebel forces regrouping in the valley after the fall of the Taliban regime. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. This commander would have the authority to assign resources according to real-time need. Mission orders define the desired results but do not mandate how to achieve them. Operation Anaconda was an American-organized mission that involved the American soldiers who purposed to dig fighting positions in Afghanistan. When the execution of Operation Anaconda occurred, U.S. military presence in Afghanistan was not yet fully mature. Slabinskis primary mission was to take a SEAL team up a 10,000-foot snowy mountain and establish an observation post to report enemy movement. these teams inserted into the outer edges of the valley to cut off any escape.[17]. MilitaryScienceCaseAnalysis.docx. "[32] Investigative reporter Seymour Hersh refuted the official account, describing it as "in fact a debacle, plagued by squabbling between the services, bad military planning and avoidable deaths of American soldiers, as well as the escape of key al-Qaeda leaders, likely including Osama bin Laden."[33]. Drone footage of the incident shows the mortally wounded Technical Sergeant John A. Chapman drawing fire away from Razor 01 as it landed. [3] By this day, following heavy bombing by U.S. strike fighter aircraft, joint U.S. and Afghan forces swept through the valley and cleared it of remaining rebel forces, with little significant combat by 18 March. This command structure consisted of multiple commanders of various agencies whom all had an individual role in the success of the operation. Operation Anaconda is viewed as a success due to coalition forces being able to kill and root out several hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, which left U. S. and coalition forces in control of the Shah-i-Khot Valley. Operation Anaconda was also met with criticism. But the risk was worth the effort to save his teammate and complete his mission. [6] This operation was the first large-scale battle in the post-2001 War in Afghanistan since the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013: Macpherson, Malcolm. "[34] He rejects the popular characterization of the operation as a guerilla war.[34]. Military Science case study. The surviving crew and quick-reaction force took cover in a hillock and a fierce firefight began. The U.S determination of destroying the Taliban supporters and the Al Qaeda organization was greatly achieved in October 2001. Danger, mental and physical injury and death is a risk in any military operation. Task Force Sword/11: Mako 30, 31 and 21, Task Force Blue/DEVGRU. The supporting tasks fall into two categories, commander tasks, and staff tasks. In the seven years of study and debate since 2002, key players from both sides have for the most Grim 31, an AC-130 aircraft providing fire support and reconnaissance for the assault, spotted Harriman's convoy and, due to a failure in its inertial navigation system, believed it was in a position away from friendly forces (this was due to a problem with the "glint" panels which should have identified the convoy as American). The two Apaches were damaged early on in the day, one Apache was forced to return to base when an RPG destroyed its left-side Hellfire mount sending shrapnel through the airframe; as well as being peppered by small arms, further RPG rounds and DShK rounds (one DShK round penetrated the cockpit narrowly missing the pilots). The commanders intent for OA was clear and concise. Mission command philosophy is guided by six principles. The level or prudent risk instantly increased to an unacceptable level as soon as the battle began. The cause of the conflict is said to have been the complaint of some U.S. soldiers that the KSK soldiers had only changed their position when a shepherd stumbled into their hideout instead of killing him. Such implementations would limit the flow of effectively shared information between components in battle. This operation included joint efforts by Special Operations and multinational partners who worked together in the Shahi Kot Valley in Afghanistan in March 2002 (Isherwood, 2007). They remained undetected in an observation post through the firefight and proved critical in co-ordinating multiple Coalition air strikes to prevent the al-Qaeda fighters from overrunning the downed aircraft, to devastating effect. The army's accomplishments and faults that were experienced in terms of the preparation and execution were fully counted by the US army. Their vital intelligence was fed back to the AFO and would prove invaluable once the operation started. The initiative is disciplined because the decision made when engaged in an operational paradox is controlled within the parameters of the commanders intent. Mutual trust is shared confidence which must flow through the entire chain of command. This, plus the actions of the two SASR officers working with the 10th Mountain Division, earned the commander of the Australian SASR force in Afghanistan the US Bronze Star for his unit's outstanding contribution to the war on terrorism. . *You can also browse our support articles here >. LCDR Hyder requested authorization to shift the insertion 24 hours to the next evening but was directed that insertion was critical to SOF providing support to the Operation. Ropel was able to kill the enemy observer calling mortar fire into the "Halfpipe," and he and his squad could now see the surrounding terrain. When a mortar team from the 1-87 Infantry was hit by enemy mortar fire, Wallace put himself in harm's way, collecting some of the wounded by dragging them into the creek bed, then dressing their wounds along with another SASR liaison officer. Debatably, competence is the most essential principle relating directly to the commander. Knowledge and experience are increased through self-development, training, education, classwork, and realistic simulations. A great example of mutual trust and shared understanding is demonstrated in The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant. Thus, changing the approach to all future engagements and how they would be governed. TF Hammer consisted of a large force of Afghan militia led by Zia Lodin and the Special Forces A-teams Texas 14/ODA 594 and Cobra 72/ODA 372. ProQuest Ebook Central. Only after the adaptation of mission orders did the acceptable prudent risk factor become acceptable. Operation Lightning Hammer II. Close air support was an element that was not properly planned for in the beginning, but was what ended up being the lifeboat for the ground elements locked in combat with the overwhelming al-Qaeda forces. In Operation Anaconda, the Joint Commander (JC) failed to utilize the Air Force capabilities available to him in an effective manner, which significantly extended the duration of the mission and the amount of casualties his forces incurred. At 03:45, the Ranger quick reaction force was alerted by the DCG to the area. The militia was even told to conduct their operations according to the way they wanted. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! The events that took place during Operation Anaconda have shown that misapplication of thorough organizational principles can cause unnecessary loss of life and equipment. This operation would test our military's readiness for joint operations against a hardened and willing adversary. In the months before OA, the Taliban and Al Qaeda faced several defeats and withdrew to Shahikot. Mansoor fortified the valley, digging trench systems, building bunkers and firing positions into the ridgelines, many of which would be put to effect during the operation. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Meanwhile, the 3rd battalion were dropped into the northern end of the valley with the objective of linking up with the stranded forces at the blocking positions. It provided an example of the ability of the American military to accomplish the mission in the face of adversity and to succeed regardless of the chances for success. Previously stated; the commanders intent does not emphasize the why of the mission, but the mission order does. The intent was to eliminate the presence of the Taliban and Al Qaeda from Shahikot. Mission command is accomplished through the execution of staff tasks that are defined by the commander tasks and these tasks define the mission command warfighting function. The commanders intent becomes the foundation that Soldiers should base their decisions on. The battle and Mansoor (who was killed in 2008) were eulogized by the Taliban's official website, Voice of Jihad, on 7 March 2021.[9]. The team came under immediate fire, and Air Force combat controller Technical Sergeant John A. Chapman was seriously injured, along with two Navy SEALs. One of the most significant and famous operations of the global war on terrorism. The plan called for an attack on the valley, along with units positioned in the mountains to the east to prevent escape into Pakistan. Hyder saw the need to assist Mako 21 who at that time had two dead and two injured, one of them non-ambulatory. The six principles of mission command are: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commander's intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. [26], It is not certain whether the sailor died immediately or was killed by opposing soldiers. The Taliban and al-Qaeda forces fired mortars and heavy machine guns from entrenched positions in the caves and ridges of the mountainous terrain at U.S. forces attempting to secure the area. They infiltrated the area on foot via the southern edge of the valley to set up an observation post on a terrain feature known as 'The Finger.' Once a war is initiated it is plagued by violence, death, chaos, confusion, complexity, disorder, and uncertainty. The operation ran into problems from the outset. Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck, Commander, Combined Joint Task Force Mountain, was put in command of the operation. The militia did not have an understanding of the bigger picture and just how important they were to the success of the mission. This operation was the first large-scale battle in the US war in Afghanistan since the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001. Competence is critical not only for the commander but for the Soldiers subordinate to the commander. On the second day, U.S. forces modified its original plan from a hammer-and-anvil focus to one that would see mass air fires on the valleys eastern sides in support of the U.S. Armys positions there. "F-14 Tomcat Units of Operation Enduring Freedom", 2013, Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013. One of Slabinskis SEAL teammates Petty Officer 1st Class Neil Roberts fell from the helicopter onto the top of the enemy-infested mountain. This was due to a bomb getting stuck in the launch bay of the B-1B that was on its bomb run. After 14 hours of heavy machine-gun fire, thick snow, rough terrain, and calling in close air support, and caring for his wounded teammates they were finally extracted (Lange (2019). The base of the Shah-i-Khot. The Afghan fighters, in trucks, were devastated by mortar fire registered in advance to strike fixed points on the road. It was obvious from this viewpoint that the proximity of friendly forces to the enemy positions was preventing sufficient suppressive firepower from being used due to danger close distance to both Mako 30 and QRF chalk 1. The battle can be analyzed from the point of view of mission command principles, such as mutual trust, competence, shared understanding, and clearance of the commander's intent . Though they weren't given a specific mission, they were to establish communication for further instructions upon reaching Gardez, 10 minutes from the mountain. AFO's only frustration was that Rakkasan ETAC/JTAC had priority for calling in airstrikes over the AFOs requests and the other SOF reconnaissance teams in and around the valley. Lang, Katie. Because of this, the exercise of the disciplined initiative is accomplished and gives subordinates the confidence to apply their judgment in ambiguous situations because everyone at every level knows the missions purpose, key tasks, and desired end state. Operation Anaconda was carried out in Shahikot Valley in eastern Afghanistan by the United States forces during early March 2002. [7], The Shahi-Kot (which translates as the 'Place of the King') stretches 9km in length and 5km across at its widest point. Osprey Publishing, 2005. Airpower Against Terror Americas Conduct of Enduring Freedom. The commander is faced with the responsibility to plan for the success of the mission with the information given regardless of how inadequate the intelligence seems. In the heavy fire fight that followed two Chinooks were shot down and a number of others were severely damaged. (2007). This action earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor. The operation began on March, 1, 2002, and lasted for 17 days, taking place in the Shahikot Valley of eastern Afghanistan (Council on Foreign Relations, 2017). This operation aimed at removing Taliban and al Qaeda forces located in this valley. Operation Anaconda would have greatly benefited from a unified command structure, because of the command structure that the operation used there were many issues with planning, integration, and confusion. It is circumstances like these that demonstrate and build the principle of mutual trust between warriors. John Chapman, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Anaconda&oldid=1125068720, Coalition victory, Taliban evacuates and suffers heavy casualties. 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